英语录音制作教程
一、听力的训练方法
听、说、读、写四种技能相互紧密联系,“听”处于最基础的地位,然而听的技能需要进行系统的训练。为了提高学生的听力,平时教师在教学中应采用多层次、多形式的听力训练。
1.听读结合
考生可以把听力的原文材料拿来读和背诵,如果考生能熟读及背诵常见的情景对话,那么在考试的时候,会对听力材料非常熟悉,这样做不仅提高了学生的听力水平,同时也可以促进口语训练,即以口语来突破听力。在平时的教学中,教师可以充分利用教科书的朗读带,让学生听音的同时,对照课本跟读录音,对录音中的语音、语调进行模仿,这对听力较差的学生尤其适用,而对听力较好的学生,可以让他们脱离课本听课文。这种形式最为简便,学生也容易接受。
2.听说结合
让学生听一些简短的句子进行复述,也可以用自己的语言来描述所听的内容。这个方法主要锻炼学生对于语言的接收及输出能力。也可以选择课文中的对话或短文,听完一段录音后,教师可以提一些简单的问题,让学生做简略的回答。对于一般疑问句可以只回答Yes或No;对疑问句可以只回答所问的部分;如What did she do yesterday afternoon?——Shopping.对学生一下子回答不出来的问题,可针对性地重复听,在听时要提醒学生根据问句的不同疑问词来确定听力的重点。
3.听写结合
听写是训练学生听、拼写和写作技能的一种很好的方式。这是教师在英语课堂上常用的一种检测教学效果的手段,内容一般有听写单词、词组、句子或短文。也可以抽去一篇短文中的某些关键词,要求学生边听边填空,即听力完形。这样可以有计划地训练如年、月、日、数字、单词连读等辨音能力。在听写内容上可以使用课文中的段落,也可以是部分课文的改写。听写应成为学生经常性的训练方式。
听力的培养也离不开良好的英语学习氛围,平时教师也应该注重这方面的培养。在组织课堂教学时,教师应有意识地尽量多说英语,并用学生已学的英语解释新的语言现象。无形中,学生的听力也得到了锻炼。在课堂之余,教师应鼓励学生多听英语广播,多收看英语节目或电影,提倡用英语交谈。学生不用增加负担,就可增加接触英语的机会,加强听力的训练。
二、应试技巧
影响英语听力理解的因素是多方面的,但主要是知识性障碍。诸如对语音、语法知识掌握得不够,对词汇不熟悉,跟不上语速,对英语国家的文化背景知识不了解等。除此之外,在听力测试时,学生应具备一些必要的方法和技巧。下面是学生听力应试时的一些注意事项:
要想提高听力水平同时还应具备良好的心理素质。如果在听录音时,主动且不带任何心理负担地去听,理解率就高,就可以最大限度地发挥听者的现有水平。许多学生有这样的体会:一紧张就什么都听不懂。要想培养良好的心理素质,就要克服自己的不良心理障碍,变压力为动力,从而增强自己的信心。学生应该从高、从严要求自己。正确地看待自己,时刻保持平衡心态,做到认真而不慌乱。只有稳定情绪,持之以恒,经过大量的听力训练,其听力效果才能体现出来,从而考出理想的`成绩。所以,培养良好的心理素质是提高听力水平的保证。
2.词汇量
词汇量不足也会影响听力的效率,因此掌握一定的词汇量尤为重要。试想,如果听到一段话,有很多生词,无论你怎么推理、判断也不可能弄明白它到底讲些什么。这就要求学生注意词汇的积累。首先在词汇上要有耐心、多练习、勤复习。其次记单词,要兼用机械记忆与理解记忆,兼用视觉记忆、听觉记忆与动觉记忆,要在句子里记单词,也要专攻单词。有了一定的词汇基础,学生做听力会更有信心,效果会更好。
3.学会预测话题,抓住重点
利用每段对话或独白开始前的指令时间,快速浏览或边听边看问题和选项,并对所要解答的问题做一定的预测,从而做到心中有数,提前做好心理准备,获得主动。另外,考生应熟悉听力材料中常见的问题,可以先画出一些关键词,有针对性地带着问题去听,以便更容易理解听力内容。
(1)对话双方的关系(Who are the speakers?)
(Who is the speaker talking to?)
(What’s the relationship between the two speakers?)
(2)事情发生的地点(Where does the conversation take place?)
(3)说话的话题(What are they talking about?)
(4)短文的主题(What is the main topic of the passage?)
4.做好记录,提高记忆效率
好记性不如烂笔头,一个人的记忆再好也不能把所有的东西都记住。若对话或短文中涉及时间、地点、人名、数字、价格等信息时,要及时记录下来以免遗忘,可以用首字母或做一些记号的方式来记录,如:“in the morning”“in the afternoon”可分别简记成“a.m”和“p.m”。“up”和“down”可分别用符号“↑”和“↓”来代替,这样可以节省很多时间,也可以帮助考生记住一些重要的信息。
5.掌握一些基本读音规则
英、美国家的人在实际交际中使用的是连读、弱化、失去爆破、辅音连缀等读音技巧,这对中国学生来说听起来倍感吃力,在应试时,考生应注意这些读音规则,以免影响对句子、短文的理解。
6.拓宽文化背景知识
学生常抱怨听力水平提高不快,这除了因学生英语基础差、词汇量小、语法掌握不够等原因外,还有一个重要的原因就是对英语国家的文化背景知识知之甚少。很多学生总是以固有的思维去思考问题,而东西方文化的差异,形成了运用语言的不同,生活习惯的不同或行为准则的不同。学生应该有意识地对东西文化进行比较,找出差异,熟悉西方文化,尽量以说英语国家的思维方式去看待事物。这样有利于提高学生的跨文化交际能力。
总之,英语听力是一项综合性技能。英语的听、说、读、写四项技能是相辅相成的,要想提高听力水平,同时也要注意其他三项能力的培养,这样才能促进听力水平的进一步提高。这是一个反复实践的过程,要循序渐进,不要急于求成。只有坚持勤听多练,一定能提高自己的听力。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的a、b、c三二个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和
阅读小一小题。每段对活仅读一遍。
1.when did the alarm(闹钟)ring?
a.at 5 o’clock.b.at 7 o’clock.c.at 8 o’clock.
2. what do we lean from the conversation?
a.henry doesn’t like the color.
b. someone else painted the house.
c.henry painted the house himself.
3.where is the man working?
a.in a beer shop.b. in a bus station. c. in a restaurant.
4.what does the woman mean?
a.they don’t have many tickets.
b.it is bard for them to get any tickets.
c.all the tickets are sold out.
5.how will the couple get home?
a.they will walk home.
b.they will take a taxi.
c.they will take the subway(地铁).
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面五段对话或独白每段对话或独白后有儿个小题,从每题所给的`a,b,c只个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间:。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。
6.who is mr. jones going to meet?
a.the manager of the clothing factory.
b. the managing director(常务董事).
c.the secretary.
7.where is the office mr.jones would like to get to?
a.the second door on the right.
b.the first door on the left.
c.the second door on the left.
听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。
8. what will the three-week special include?
a.hotel,food and travel in japan.
b.a free round trip flight ticket.
c.flight,hotel,and two meals a day.
9,which one do you think the man choose at last?
a.the one which is$1,215.
b.the one which is$1,400.
c. not mentioned.
听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。
10.what is the woman’s favourite hobby?
a. bowling(保龄球).b. collecting coins. c. boating.
11.what countries has the woman been to?
a. canada and china.. b.mexico and america. c.japan and canada.
12,why down’t the man have a hobby?
a.because he is s too lazy.
b. because he has to work outside in the garden.
c.because his work takes up too much of his spare time.
听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。
13.what are the two speakers talking about?
a.indoor games. b.outdoor games. c. sports and games.
14.what kind of outdoor game does the man both like watching and playing?
a.tennis.b.baseball. c.basketball.
15.why does the woman prefer the outdoor games?
a.because they are exciting.
b.because they are not team games.
c.because she likes to be out in the open air.
16.what indoor game does the man never play?
a. badminton. b. ping-pong. c. cards.
听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。
17.how do nancy and harry feel without their children?
a.frightened. b. nice. c. worried.
18.what do nancy and harry do after they do the dishes?
a. watch tv. b. play cards. c. either a or b.
19. why do they drive to town sometimes?
a.to see a film. b.to take a walk. c.to visit friends.
20.how far is the state park from their house?
a.one mile.b.half a mile. c.a few miles.
选做题:听第10段材料
how do nancy and harry feel without their children?
they feel little 17 ,but it’s 18 .
why do they drive to town sometimes?
to 19 .
how far is the state park from their house?
Section A
1.M:You should never strike up a conversation with a man on the street.
Dont you know how dangerous it is!
W: I usually dont
but I couldnt find the restaurant and he looked very respectable.
Q: Why was the man upset?
2.W:I heard there was a scene at the dinner last night.
M: Youre right.
Nobody at the table could put up with Dr.Lawrence.
He proposed that life would be much better in this country
if we had a segregation policy.
Q: How did the other guests feel about Dr.Lawrences suggestion?
3. W: Dont talk to the boss today.
He must have got out of bed on the wrong side.
M: No, his arthrites is probably bothering him.
Its awfully damp out.
Q: What is wrong with the boss according to the man?
4.Why dont you immigrate to Canada instead of coming here on short visits?
I would like to but I couldnt live if I were cut off from my family and friends.
Q: Where are the womans family and friends?
5. M: I need to send in an accident report.
Tell me in you own words Mrs. Nanthy.
W:Well,I was driving along Jefferson Street. Between 19th and 20th Street.